What does treble midrange bass phrase mean. Determination of the frequency range of keywords. What queries are considered low-frequency

Hello dear readers of the blog site. Today I want to talk about internal linking of the site and its meaning for.

Actually, I have been focusing on internal factors from the very beginning of the blog's existence, but at first the main motivation for me was simple, but the tasks solved by linking do not end there. Link should be understood to mean the usual, which, as you know, are taken into account. The beauty of internal linking is that you are free to do it however you want, and spend only your time, not money.

LF, MF, HF and NK, SK, VK search queries, link weight

In fact, not only external links solve the issue of finding your site in the top, but also internal text optimization, which we talked about in the article about, as well as correctly placed links from one page of your resource to another. Why this is so important, we will try to disassemble in this article, and I will also show several linking examples that I use myself.

Before continuing, I want to draw your attention to the fact that links (including internal ones) are counted on two scales:

Static weight transmitted by a link (for Google, this is determined by a non-standard value, and for Yandex, an unknown value)
- the text that stands between the opening and closing tags of the hyperlink, which is called the anchor of the link. Search engines cut out anchors (and internal ones too) leading to a given page of your site and attach them to the text of this page. Therefore, be very subtle in composing texts, even internal links, so as not to get banned or.

I forgot to mention in the previous article the principles of grading search queries that SEOs came up with to simplify the situation. So, they are divided into:

LF (low frequency)- in many commercial topics, we can say that low frequencies fluctuate in the range of 30 - 100 requests per month. This refers to statistics taken with empty blanks already removed (the request is enclosed in quotes and an exclamation mark is placed in front of each word). For non-commercial topics, the low frequency range, in my opinion, is wider and may well go up to 300.
MF (mid-frequency)- from 100 to 1000 (sometimes up to 500) in commercial topics and up to several thousand in non-commercial topics.

HF (high frequency)- anything above the two previously described categories

But that is not all. There is also such a thing as the level of competition in a topic. In this regard, it is customary to divide search queries into:

All these numbers for determining the gradations of frequency and competitiveness are purely conditional and will differ from topic to topic. However, this helps to correctly distribute efforts and quickly understand what is at stake. It is clear that the best option for promotion will turn out to be a midrange or even a high frequency, which at the same time is NK.

This happened to me extremely rarely for my information requests. But on the contrary, it turned out more often. For example, almost all queries from the WordPress theme are low or maximum midrange, however, in terms of competitiveness, almost all of them can be ranked as VK or SK.

Promotion through them is troublesome, costly and, if successful, will not bring the desired dividends in the form of a gigantic flow of visitors. However, this does not stop a number of enthusiasts who have built their project only around this topic - honor and praise to them.

The meaning of internal linking, how to link manually

Well, now you are grounded in theory and it's time to voice the benefits that you can get from competent internal linking(keyword "literate"):

First, links to other pages on your site can seriously improve the usability for your visitors, which in turn will lead to. And what will the PF improvement entail? That's right, the stability of the growth of your project's positions in the search results and a guarantee of a good search attitude.
Secondly, you can purposefully increase the static weight of the promoted pages by placing internal links on them from other (best of all similar in topic) web pages.
And, thirdly, internal links can be placed on the promoted pages not just like that, but with the necessary anchors. Thus, you create conditions for getting into the Top for LF queries, and for HF and MF you give a good impetus for better use of external optimization - getting links from other resources, mainly through their purchase, for example, in such services:
1. MiraLinks described
2. GoGetLinks- read about the nuances of working with him
3. GetGoodLinks- a description of the possibility of buying links from pages with PR (high static weight)
4. RotaPost- a complete overview of the capabilities of the exchange

There are various linking schemes for promoting requests of different frequencies, as well as technical solutions to implement all this. We'll talk about this too, but I want to give a simple example of putting internal links to the promoted page... From which pages do you need to add links? How to understand this?

Yes, in general, it is best to ask about this search. Let's say that you want to use internal linking to help a page get to the top by MF or HF request. How to choose donor pages? Just. Open the advanced search (to the right of the search line is an icon with two horizontal lines) (remember I wrote about it in the article about that, and), limit the search only to your resource and enter this very query:

In the first place in the search results will be your promoted page (if this is not the case, then there is already reason to think about it), and other pages of your own resource will follow in decreasing order of their relevance to the search query. Those. these are the most relevant pages of your site after being promoted in the opinion of the search engine itself. There will only be put from them internal links to the promoted.

What anchors should you use? It is clear that a pure query mentioned in a hundred links will be an overkill. I think that you need to follow the logic of diluting anchors when buying external backlinks (we'll talk about this in more detail in the continuation of this series of articles), however, some especially cunning SEOs believe that you can simply take the words that already have words in these articles, which the search considered the most relevant of the entire text ... Have you already guessed? That's right, these are the words that will be highlighted in.

Need for invention is cunning. Personally, I use this method of searching for relevant pages for internal linking, but I don't use highlighted words from snippets. It is possible that I am neglecting what should be considered.

Internal linking schemes, "ring" for WordPress

In order to implement one of the linking schemes, you will need automation methods. The static weight transmitted by links to certain pages of sites is calculated using the iteration method.

The first pass is carried out and the relative statistic weight is calculated for all pages, and then the second pass is made taking into account the received weights, etc. Explaining all this is rather dreary and I will not do it, but nevertheless I will give calculations that can be applied in practice:

Any page, even a page that has just appeared on the Internet, already has a single static weight... Any incoming link to it increases this weight.
Outbound links, contrary to popular belief, do not take away the stat weight from the page, but they can indirectly affect the total static weight accumulated by the site (it takes a long time to explain, but this is so). Therefore, when putting down internal links from the page, you should limit your Napoleonic plans. A measure is needed in everything.

Optimal from the point of view of increasing the static weight is the "ring" scheme. The simplest example is two pages linking to each other. If one of the links is removed, then the stat weight accumulated by both of them will sharply decrease (in any case, it was so before). The ring can include more than two pages - the main thing is that it is closed.

If there are more than one links leading from the web page, then the weight that will be transferred will be divided by the number of outgoing links
The link does not transfer all the static weight of the page, but only a part of it. Which exactly? Nobody knows, except for the programmers of Yandex and Google. It used to be that ninety percent. Now they say that this value is already less than ten percent. In this regard, although internal linking scheme "ring" and it works now, it no longer gives the phenomenal gain that it used to be.
In connection with the decreased percentage of the stat weight transmitted by the link, it will no longer be profitable to buy links to the main page or to sections when promoting, so that the weight will flow from them to the target documents. An immeasurably small part will reach the addressee, so it is better to mainly buy backs directly on the promoted pages.
To exclude pages from the linking scheme that do not need to be pumped, but links to which must be present on almost the entire site (for example, a basket in an online store or an entry / registration block), then these links are better close from indexing by search engines in Ajax(read more). This is very easy to do (when you figure it out), despite the daunting name. Create a separate file for the hyperlink and include it in the right place in the template. Elementary.
In any case, the main page will have priority in the eyes of search, therefore, when promoting MF and HF queries link from the main on them will be a prerequisite for internal linking

It should be borne in mind that pass-through links(for example, from the menu) are counted by search engines not as a hundred links from different pages, but, most likely, as one or a little more. Therefore, when creating various linking blocks, you need to understand that they should not be cross-cutting, but must change from page to page. In this case, their static and anchor weight will be transferred much more efficiently.

Among other things, this linking method will improve the indexing of the site and increase its completeness. Sometimes a separate block is written for the purpose of indexing, where they randomly scroll (after the next page refresh in the browser) links to all pages of the resource so that the search robot can see them.

Personally, I use a scheme similar to what is commonly called to promote my articles. "Promotion for low frequency requests":

This scheme is quite often implemented in online stores, putting links in the product card to the previous and next lot from the same category. Optimizers noticed that such a ring works best of all exactly within one section or category... Apparently, search engines break large sites into relatively independent parts, links between which will not be as effective as within a section or category.

And here is the linking type "Ring" for pages with articles I have already implemented. Articles from each heading are linked separately, thus forming several dozen rings. And it all works automatically and quite well. Well, external links for me mostly lead directly to landing pages with articles. Although with such an internal linking scheme, even without external optimization, low-frequency queries are able to get to the Top.

The idea of this method was suggested by Dimoks, which I have already mentioned many times (back in 2009), and it was modified by the not unknown admin of the WP-kama blog. In general, everything is considered in detail there, but just in case, I will give the code that I added to the file from my theme (they live at / wp-content / themes /):

Function kama_previous_posts_from_cat ($ post_num = 5, $ format = "", $ cache = "", $ list_tag = "li", $ echo = true) (global $ post, $ wpdb; $ cache_key = (string) md5 (__ FUNCTION__. $ post-> ID); $ cache_flag = __FUNCTION__; if ($ cache && $ cache_out = wp_cache_get ($ cache_key, $ cache_flag)) (if ($ echo) return print ($ cache_out); else return $ cache_out;) $ cat = get_the_category ($ post-> ID); $ cat_id = (int) $ cat-> term_id; $ same_join = "SELECT ID, post_title, post_date, comment_count, guid FROM $ wpdb-> posts p LEFT JOIN $ wpdb-> term_relationships rel ON (p.ID = rel.object_id) LEFT JOIN $ wpdb-> term_taxonomy tax ON (rel.term_taxonomy_id = tax.term_taxonomy_id) "; $ same_and =" AND tax.term_id = "$ cat_id" AND tax.taxonomy = " category "AND p.post_status =" publish "AND p.post_type =" post ""; $ sql = "$ same_join WHERE p.ID< {$post->ID) $ same_and ORDER BY p.post_date DESC LIMIT $ post_num "; $ res = $ wpdb-> get_results ($ sql); $ count_res = count ($ res); if (! $ Res || $ count_res<$post_num){ $exclude = $post->ID; if ($ res) foreach ($ res as $ id) $ exclude. = ",". $ id-> ID; $ post_num = (int) $ post_num- $ count_res; $ sql = "$ same_join WHERE p.ID NOT IN ($ exclude) AND p.ID! = ($ post-> ID) $ same_and ORDER BY p.post_date DESC LIMIT $ post_num"; $ res2 = $ wpdb-> get_results ($ sql); $ res = array_merge ($ res, $ res2); ) if (! $ res) return false; if ($ format) preg_match ("! (date: (. *?))!", $ format, $ date_m); foreach ($ res as $ pst) ($ x == "li1"? $ x = "li2": $ x = "li1"; $ Title = $ pst-> post_title; $ a1 = "ID)." "> "; $ a2 = ""; if ($ format) ($ date = apply_filters ("the_time", mysql2date ($ date_m, $ pst-> post_date)); $ Sformat = str_replace ($ date_m, $ date, $ format); $ Sformat = str_replace ("( title) ", $ Title, $ Sformat); $ Sformat = str_replace (" (a) ", $ a1, $ Sformat); $ Sformat = str_replace (" (/ a) ", $ a2, $ Sformat); $ Sformat = str_replace ("(comments)", (($ pst-> comment_count == 0)? "": $ pst-> comment_count), $ Sformat);) else $ Sformat = $ a1. $ Title. $ a2; $ out. = "\ n<$list_tag class="$x">($ Sformat)";) if ($ cache) wp_cache_add ($ cache_key, $ out, $ cache_flag); if ($ echo) echo $ out; else return $ out;)

This feature allows me to add multiple links at the bottom of each article. Probably, this will not be superfluous for usability, but basically this type of internal linking is aimed precisely at increasing the static weight of the pages being promoted.

In theory, LF requests should themselves get into the Top, but HF and MF will have to be helped by additional manual linking (I described its principles a little higher).

Oh yes, I completely forgot. Adding code to functions.php is not enough. You also need to place the call to this function in the right place in your blog template. The single.php file is usually responsible for articles in WordPress, that's where I added the block header and the function call code:

Previous articles from the same heading (will open in a new window):

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

Types of search queries:

Long tail Is a search query that is very rarely requested by the user (1-10 times a month). In other words, a long tail is also called a Long tail query. I will give an example of such requests:

buy a laptop in an online store inexpensively on credit;
how to create a website yourself for free step-by-step video instructions;
buy Chinese phones in bulk in Odessa;
buy a 22-inch samsung TV in Moscow;
how to make money on the Internet without a website.

I checked each of these requests at wordstat.yandex.ru. It turns out that Yandex shows them to visitors no more than 10 times a month.

Despite such a low number of impressions, I believe that it is imperative to use them when selecting keywords.

Firstly, if a visitor comes to the site on request, for example, "buy Chinese phones in bulk in Odessa", he will buy Chinese phones in bulk, and in Odessa: smile :. On such keywords the most targeted visitors come, who, in most cases, become buyers.

Secondly, there is practically no competition for long tail queries, and it is very easy to get to the TOP. To do this, it is enough to enter such a request into the article once and put several internal links with this one.

Well, and thirdly, 60-90% of all visitors come to the site for such requests. Yes, you might be surprised and disagree with me, these dummies, as many call them, give more than half of the search traffic.

I'm not saying that you need to create a special page to get to the top. You don't need to do this. But such a tail can be added to the main query. For example, you are promoting on the request how to make money on the Internet. So why not write once in an article how to make money on the Internet without a website. This is very easy to do, and there will be a lot of sense from it. I also advise you to read the article: "?" In this article, you will learn where to look for such queries and how to correctly enter them into the text.

Low-frequency requests (LF)- these are requests that have low competition and are rarely requested by users. For example, here are some low-frequency queries:

buy a Chinese tablet online store;
plastic windows in Moscow are cheap;
buy chainsaw oil calm;
do-it-yourself apartment renovation where to start.

Do not confuse low-frequency queries with a long tail. Woofers differ from long tail in that they have more impressions per month. In most cases, it is very easy to reach the top for such queries. To do this, you need to create a special page and write a large article, sharpened for this request. Then you can also put several links from other internal pages, or buy several links on other thematic sites.

But there are also situations when low-frequency queries are highly competitive. This sometimes happens in highly competitive commercial niches. Therefore, you should always analyze each request and look at the sites that are in the top for it.

The advantage of these queries is that visitors go to the target site and in most cases become buyers when it comes to commercial niches. The main disadvantage is that very few people come to them and bring the site only for low-frequency queries, it is very difficult to get high traffic from search engines.

Medium-frequency requests (MF)- these are requests that are requested by visitors from about 1,000 to 10,000 times a month. This number will be different for each niche. Here are a few medium-frequency queries as an example:

how to make money on the Internet without investments;
kitchen knives;
buy plastic windows;
what is music;

Many people think that medium-frequency queries are necessarily medium-competitive. In most cases it is, but not always. For example, take two queries: “what is music” and “buy plastic windows”. Although these queries are mid-range, it is still much more difficult to move to the top in the second than in the first. This is due to the fact that the first request is informative, and the second is commercial. And since commercial inquiries bring money, there is a lot of competition for them. This once again suggests that first of all, you need to take into account the competition, and only then the number of impressions.

Medium-frequency queries are like a sweet spot and it is imperative to move along them. They will bring a lot of visitors, and it is also quite possible to get to the top.

High frequency requests (HF) Are those requests that are requested by users the most times. As usual, I will give an example of such requests:

notebook
music
plastic windows
Yandex.

The main advantage of these queries is that they are able to bring the largest number of visitors to the site from. But there is also their disadvantage - they are very competitive, and to get to the top on them, you need to spend a lot of time and money.

Also, I don't like to rank for high-frequency keywords because they have a very low conversion rate. For example, a visitor enters the word "laptop" into a search engine. I don't understand what he is looking for. He wants to buy a laptop, or look at prices. Or he can read the information or see photos of laptops: smile :. Thus, the page may be one thing, and the visitor is looking for something completely different. Also, one that is in the top for a high-frequency request will be larger than, for example, a page that is in the top for a low-frequency request.

What are the best keywords to promote

In short, it is best to promote all requests at once, and it does not matter if the site is one day or 10 years old. I will now explain why I think so. See, for example, we have 4 requests.

Long tail - how to create a website yourself for free without registration; (6 views)
Low-frequency query - how to create a website yourself for free; (370 views)
Medium-frequency query - how to create a website yourself; (2022 impressions)
High-frequency request - site. (15 859 views)

It makes no sense to create a page for a long tail, since we will get very few visitors. Our website Yandex will only show 6 times a month, believe me, this is very little: smile :.

It is also not worth promoting on the request "site". Firstly, there is a lot of competition, and secondly, this is not a targeted request and we will get a large bounce rate. It remains to choose a low-frequency or high-frequency request. Both of these options are good, but it’s best to go for all of these queries at once.

To do this, we can simply combine all these requests into the ode phrase - "how to create a site yourself for free without registration", and write this phrase in the headings, several times in the article and in the url of the link. For a complete set, you can also add some subtitle to the ALT tag. You can add internal links with the anchor of this key phrase.

After a while, the long tail and low-frequency query will hit the top if you write a good article. Medium-frequency query can be forgotten in the top by external links. As for the tweeter, you need to look at what position he is. If you have reached at least the top 30, then you can also promote it using external links. Only such links will need much more: smile :.

If you use this keyword selection scheme, then you will get a lot more visitors to your site from search engines. Many may ask, "What if you can't combine all the queries?" If it doesn’t work, then you can combine at least mid-frequency and high-frequency or low-frequency and Long tail queries, etc. I sometimes succeed in combining 6 queries into one phrase, which can be easily entered into an article. The main thing is to spend more time on the selection of keywords and it is better to select words for a separate article, and not for the whole site at once, because if you select for a site, you can get confused: smile :.

That's all for me. I thought to briefly describe the types of search queries - long tail, low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency, but it turned out, as always, much more ;-).

What are LF, MF and HF requests? How to determine which query is high, medium and low frequency? This article is devoted to these and other questions.
Concepts
There are two terms - "frequency" and "frequency", which should not be confused.

Frequency - the frequency of the process over a certain period of time, measured in units. Frequency - a characteristic of the occurrence of a given request among a certain set, measured in percentage. In the case of search queries, the frequency of the request is the number of times the keyword is used in the search engine, and the frequency is the percentage, determined by the ratio of the use of the word to the text on the page in question. In this article, we will talk about the concept request rates.

Requests are of the following types

HF (high-frequency queries) is the most key word or phrase on a particular topic.
LF (low-frequency queries) is a keyword with a low query frequency.
MF (mid-frequency requests) is a keyword, the request frequency of which is between LF and HF.

Determine HF, LF and MF requests

As we wrote earlier, there are services that allow you to view the statistics of certain requests. These, of course, include Yandex Wordstat, and the KeywordDiscovery service for English words.

Let's say you need to pick up queries for a duct site. We enter the word "ducts" into wordstat and see that the number of its views is 113,260 times. For our site, this request is high-frequency, since it reflects the essence of the site's subject matter and, in comparison with other queries on our topic, has the highest views.

In our case, the lowest-frequency request is “air duct sale” with a view rate of 163. What kind of requests will then be medium-frequency?

In theory, the midrange is the average value of the frequency between the HF and LF requests. But sometimes it is difficult to determine in what interval of views medium-frequency requests should be regarded. Many webmasters "don't bother" with this and take it "by eye". The exact way to determine which request belongs to this or that type is difficult. Even the mathematical formulas presented on some sites cannot unequivocally answer this question, since their compilation is more based on assumptions.

What requests to promote the site for?

Your budget will answer this question.

HF requests have a clear advantage over other requests - the number of visitors per day. The disadvantage of HF is high competition, so getting into the TOP for them is to spend a lot of money. Not all webmasters can afford RF. But even if you manage to promote the site through them, the achieved result will not be long-term.

Advantages of MF and LF requests

high-quality target audience;
achieving results in a short time (3 months);
low competition;
small investment.

Disadvantages of promotion on low frequency requests

I thought it would be useful and interesting to many. The information was taken from the vastness of the Internet.

The tweeter is the tweeter, the squeaker, the smallest one in your car. Typically installed in door pillars. The size is about 5cm in diameter.

Midrange speaker - midrange speaker.

Woofer - subwoofer (bidbass)

One of the obligatory stages of tuning the sound in the car is the selection of the optimal frequency separation between all emitting heads: LF, LF / MF, MF (if any) and HF. There are two ways to solve this problem.

Firstly, restructuring, and often a complete alteration of the standard passive crossover, and secondly, connecting the speakers to an amplifier operating in multi-band amplification mode, the so-called Bi-amp (bi-amplification) or Tri-amp (three-band amplification) switching options.

The first method requires serious knowledge of electroacoustics and electrical engineering, therefore, for independent use, it is available only to specialists and experienced amateur radio electronics engineers, but the second, although it requires a larger number of amplification channels, is also available to a less trained motorist.

Moreover, the vast majority of power amplifiers sold are initially equipped with a built-in active crossover. In many models, it is so developed that with success and a sufficiently high quality it allows you to implement multi-way switching of speakers with a large number of speakers. However, the lack of a developed crossover in the amplifier or head unit does not stop fans of this method of sounding the cabin, since there are many external crossovers on the market that can solve these problems.

At the beginning, it should be said that we will not give you one hundred percent universal recommendations, since they do not exist. In general, acoustics is a field of technology where experiment and creativity play a big role, and in this sense, fans of audio technology are lucky. But to conduct an experiment, so that it does not work out, like that crazy professor - with explosions and smoke, you must follow certain rules. The first rule is - do no harm, while others will be discussed below.

The most difficult thing is the inclusion of midrange and / or high frequency components. And the point here is not only that it is these ranges that carry the maximum information load, responsible for the formation of a stereo effect, a sound stage, and are also highly susceptible to intermodulation and harmonic distortions if the crossover frequency is incorrectly set, but also that this frequency directly depends and the reliability of the midrange and tweeters.

Turning on the HF head.

The choice of the lower cutoff frequency of the range of signals fed to the tweeter head depends on the number of bands in the speaker system. When a two-way speaker is used, in the most typical case, i.e. when the bass / midrange head is located in the doorway, it is advisable to choose the cutoff frequency as low as possible to raise the sound stage level. Modern high-quality tweeters with a low resonance frequency FS (800-1500 Hz) can reproduce signals as early as 2000 Hz. However, most of the tweeters used have a resonant frequency of 2000-3000 Hz, so remember that the closer to the resonant frequency we set the crossover frequency, the greater the load on the tweeter.

Ideally, with a 12dB / octave filter slope, the separation between the crossover frequency and the resonant frequency should be greater than an octave. For example, if the resonant frequency of the head is 2000 Hz, then with a filter of this order, the crossover frequency should be set equal to 4000 Hz. If you really want to choose a crossover frequency of 3000 Hz, then the steepness of the filter attenuation should be higher - 18 dB / oct, and better - 24 dB / oct.

There is one more problem to consider when setting the crossover frequency for the tweeter. The fact is that after matching the components in the reproducible frequency range, you still need to match them in level and phase. The latter, as always, is a stumbling block - it seems that he did everything right, but the sound is "wrong." It is known that the first order filter will give a phase shift of 90 °, the second - 180 ° (antiphase), etc., so during tuning, do not be too lazy to listen to speakers with different switching polarities.

The human ear is very sensitive to the frequency range of 1500-3000 Hz, and in order to transmit it as well and cleanly as possible, one should be extremely careful. It is possible to break (divide) the sound range in this area, but you should think about how to correct the consequences of the unpleasant sound later. From this point of view, a more convenient and safe for tuning is a three-way speaker system, and the midrange speaker used in it allows not only to effectively reproduce the range from 200 to 7000 Hz, but also to more simply solve the problem of constructing a sound stage. In three-way speakers, the tweeter is turned on at higher frequencies - 3500-6000 Hz, that is, obviously above the critical frequency band, and this allows you to reduce (but not exclude) the requirements for phase matching.

Turning on the midrange head.

Before discussing the choice of the crossover frequency of the mid and low ranges, let us turn to the design features of the midrange speakers. Recently, midrange speakers with a dome diaphragm are very popular with installers. Compared to cone midrange drivers, they provide a wider radiation pattern and are easier to install because they do not require additional acoustic design. Their main disadvantage is a high resonant frequency, which lies in the range of 450-800 Hz.

The problem is that the higher the lower cutoff frequency of the band of signals fed to the midrange speaker, the smaller the distance between the midrange and woofer heads should be, and the more critical it is exactly where the woofer stands and where the woofer is oriented. Practice shows that dome midrange speakers can be switched on with a crossover frequency of 500-600 Hz without any problems with matching. As you can see, this is a rather critical range for most of the sold copies, therefore, if you decide on such a division, the order of the crossover filter should be high enough - for example, 4th.

It should be added that recently dome speakers with a resonant frequency of 300-350 Hz have begun to appear. They can be used starting from a frequency of 400 Hz, but so far the cost of such copies is quite high.

The resonant frequency of midrange speakers with a cone diffuser lies within 100-300 Hz, which allows them to be used starting from a frequency of 200 Hz (in practice, 300-400 Hz are used more often) and with a low-order filter, while the woofer / midrange speaker is completely freed from the need to work in the midrange. Reproduction without separation between the speakers of signals with frequencies from 300-400 Hz to 5000-6000 Hz makes it possible to achieve pleasant, high-quality sound.

Turning on the woofer / midrange speaker.

Gradually we got to the low-frequency range. Modern mid-range / low-frequency speakers allow you to work effectively in the frequency range from 40 to 5000 Hz. The upper limit of its operating frequency range is determined by where the tweeter starts to work (in a 2-way speaker) or midrange speaker (in a 3-way speaker).

Many are worried about the question: is it worth limiting its frequency range from below? Well, let's figure it out. The resonant frequency of modern 16 cm woofers / midrange speakers lies in the range of 50-80 Hz, and due to the high mobility of the voice coil, these speakers are not so critical for operation at frequencies below the resonant one. Nevertheless, reproduction of frequencies below the resonant one requires certain efforts from it, which leads to a decrease in recoil in the range of 90-200 Hz, and in two-way systems, also the quality of transmission of the MF range. Since the main energy of kick kicks occurs in the frequency range from 100 to 150 Hz, the first thing you lose is the pronounced punch. By lowering the low-pass filter to the 60-80 Hz range of signals reproduced by the low-frequency head, you will not only allow it to work much cleaner, but also get a louder sound, in other words, better response.

Subwoofer.

It is better to assign the reproduction of signals with frequencies below 60-80 Hz to a separate speaker - a subwoofer. But remember that the sound range below 60 Hz is not localized in the car, which means that the location of the subwoofer is not so important. If you have met this condition, and the sound of the subwoofer is still localized, then first of all it is necessary to increase the order of the low-pass filter. You should also not neglect the filter of suppression of infra-low frequencies (Subsonic, or FINCH). Do not forget that the subwoofer also has its own resonant frequency, and by cutting off the frequencies below it, you achieve comfortable sound and reliable operation of the subwoofer. As practice shows, the pursuit of deep bass significantly increases the cost of the subwoofer. Believe me, if the sound system you have assembled reproduces the sound range from 50 to 16,000 Hz with good quality, this is quite enough to comfortably listen to music in the car.

Head pairing methods.

Quite often the question arises: should we have the same order of the low and high pass filters? It is not at all necessary, and not even necessary at all. For example, if you installed a two-way front speaker with a large speaker spacing, then in order to compensate for the frequency drops at the crossover frequency, the bass / midrange driver is often turned on with a filter of a lower order. Moreover, it is not even necessary that the cutoff frequencies of the HPF and LPF coincide.

For example, to compensate for excess brightness at the point of separation of the LF / MF head, the head can operate up to 2000 Hz, and the high-frequency driver - starting from 3000 Hz. It is important to remember that when using a first-order filter, the difference between the cutoff frequencies of the high-pass filter and the low-pass filter should be no more than an octave and decrease with increasing order. The same technique is used when pairing a subwoofer and a midwoofer to attenuate standing waves (booming bass). For example, when adjusting the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter of the subwoofer to 50-60 Hz, and the high-pass filter of the low-frequency / midrange-head at 90-100 Hz, according to the assurances of experts, unpleasant overtones caused by a natural rise in the frequency response in this frequency region due to the acoustic properties of the cabin are completely eliminated ...

So if the rule of the transition from quantity to quality works in car audio, then it is confirmed only in relation to the cost of individual components and man-years, which determine the experience and skill of the installer, who will make the system reveal its sound potential.

One of the defining moments in the process of effective website promotion is filling thematic content on its pages with keywords and expressions, or, as they say among professionals - keywords... The final success of promoting the resource to the “tops” of search engines for certain search queries of Internet users will largely depend on how skillful the selection of the latter will be.

Speaking about keywords and expressions, it is worth noting that in the circle of specialists it is customary to distinguish two main groups - tweeters(HF) and woofers(LF). As for the representatives of the first group, they, as a rule, represent the most common (popular) search queries that are found in a particular area. Low-frequency users, on the other hand, are words or phrases that, in comparison with high-frequency users, are much less common when Internet users compose search queries on a particular topic.

Thus, the presence of two main groups of keywords determines two basic search engine optimization strategies web portal regarding the use of keywords. The first of them involves the introduction of a relatively small number of high-frequency keywords into the thematic content of the site. The second, on the contrary, provides for filling the text material of the web resource with numerous low-frequency search queries.

Of course, in our opinion, it is difficult to give preference to any one strategy in the process of search engine optimization, and that is why, as practice shows, experienced webmasters or SEO-optimizers, when promoting their Internet brainchild, resort to the services of both.

And yet, in some cases, according to experts, it is worth giving preference to any one strategy. For example, if we are talking about a young, recently launched project on the network, then in this situation it is recommended to fill its thematic content in line with the second strategy - an abundant number of low-frequency players. Why, you ask? The answer is quite simple: according to statistics, it will be quite difficult for such a resource to “compete” in the competition with already popular websites of the same subject, which in the structure of their texts use just high-frequency words and expressions and are in the first roles in the rankings of search engines. However, if you resort to the second strategy and introduce a larger number of low-frequency users into the content of a young site, then the optimizing effect can exceed the wildest expectations - for such keywords, the resource can quickly get to the leading positions of search engines.

Summing up, I would also like to draw the reader's attention to the fact that it is possible to find out to which group a particular keyword or phrase belongs in the mainstream of a specific topic thanks to specialized Internet resources (of which there are a huge number of them nowadays - for example,) , as well as thanks to the separate services of the search engines themselves (for example, Yandex -, Rambler -, and Google -