How to make electric homemade products. Electronic homemade products for radio amateurs and novice electricians. Electronic homemade products for the car

Those who are engaged in radio electronics at home are usually very curious. Amateur radio schemes and homemade products will help you find a new direction in creativity. Perhaps someone will find for themselves original solution a particular problem. Some homemade products use ready-made devices, connecting them in various ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.

One of the simplest homemade products. More suitable for those who are just starting to tinker. If you have an old but working cell phone push-button telephone with a button to turn on the player, from it you can make, for example, a doorbell to your room. The advantages of such a call:

First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are fastened with screws or brackets, which are carefully folded back. When disassembling, you will need to remember what is behind what, so that later you can collect everything.

The player's power button is soldered on the board, and instead of it two short wires are soldered. Then these wires are glued to the board so as not to rip off the solder. The phone is going. It remains to connect the phone to the call button through a two-wire wire.

Homemade products for cars

Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when homemade devices are simply needed. For example, something broke, given to a friend and the like. Then the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.

The first thing you can intervene in without fear of damaging your car is the battery. If at the right time the charging for the battery is not at hand, you can quickly assemble it yourself. This will require:

A transformer from a tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are addicted to homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances, hoping that they will someday be needed. Unfortunately, there are two types of transformers used: with one and with two coils. Anyone will go to charge a 6 volt battery, and only two for 12 volts.

The wrapping paper of such a transformer shows the winding leads, the voltage for each winding, and the operating current. A voltage of 6.3 V s is used to power the filaments of the electronic lamps. high current... The transformer can be altered by removing the extra secondary windings, or you can leave it as it is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is designed for a voltage of 127 V, therefore, combining them, they get 220 V. The secondary ones are connected in series to get 12.6 V.

The diodes must withstand a current of at least 10 A. Each diode requires a radiator with an area of at least 25 square centimeters. They are connected to a diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and a 10 A fuse in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate short circuit, therefore, when connecting the battery, the polarity must not be confused.

Simple heaters

In the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where it is electricity, this problem can be solved with a heat gun. To make it you will need:

asbestos pipe;
nichrome wire;
fan;
switch.

The diameter of the asbestos pipe is chosen according to the size of the fan to be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. The length of the pipe is everyone's preference. You can assemble a heating element and a fan in it, you can only a heater. When choosing the latter option, you will have to think about how to start up the air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all the components in a sealed enclosure.

Nichrome wire is also selected over the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. For fastening, bolts are used that are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are chosen empirically. It is advisable that the spiral does not get red-hot when the fan is running.

The choice of fan will determine what voltage needs to be applied to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.

The entire heater is connected to the mains via a cord with a plug, but it itself must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic machine. The second option is more preferable, it allows you to protect the general network. For this, the operating current of the machine must be less than the operating current of the room machine. The switch is still needed for quick disconnection heater in case of malfunction, for example, if the fan does not work. This heater has its drawbacks:

harm to the body from asbestos pipes;
fan noise;
smell from dust falling on a heated coil;
fire hazard.

Some problems can be solved by using another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. To prevent the spiral from closing on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To power it, you will need to assemble another electronic device - a small rectifier.

Homemade products bring not only satisfaction to those who are engaged in them, but also benefit. With their help, you can save energy, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. A time relay can be used for this purpose.

The easiest way to create a timing element is to use the time to charge or discharge the capacitor through the resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The following details are required for the diagram:

electrolytic capacitor large capacity;
transistor type p-n-p;
electromagnetic relay;
diode;
variable resistor;
fixed resistors;
constant current source.

First, you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need a magnetic starter to connect it. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can work freely without sticking. A transistor is selected according to the selected relay, it is determined with what current and voltage it can work. You can focus on KT973A.

The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which in turn is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor with a minus supply. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.

The capacitor itself is connected to the positive rail of the power supply through a variable resistor with high resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode, which turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.

The scheme works as follows. V original state the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor and the transistor is off. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay picks up, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.

The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At a certain meaning voltage, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay disconnects the load. To make the circuit work again, you need to discharge the capacitor, for this switch the switch.

Making electronic homemade products with your own hands gained popularity in the last century, when semiconductor devices appeared. With their help from old equipment it was possible to simply assemble the devices necessary for everyday life. Today, the repair and collection of equipment for a house or a summer residence, for a car or a garage can also be solved at home.

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Homemade appliances for home and summer cottages

Every electrician can make electric self-made products for home and summer cottages that use the power of electricity. Most of the fixtures are made from factory components and only require school knowledge of electricity.

BBQ grill

The electric BBQ grill can be both horizontal and vertical. Stores usually sell vertical ones, and they do a great job with their functions after some tweaking.

To create a horizontal barbecue, you will need a heating element and a frame that resembles a barbecue. A heating element can be made from a ceramic tube and a nichrome spiral wound around it. The tube is fixed through an insulating material in a metal body. Drawings are required to assemble the enclosure.

BBQ grill

An equally interesting idea is a barbecue grill with an electric drive for rotating skewers. By adding an electric motor to a regular barbecue, you can get an excellent machine that will cook barbecue offline. To organize a skewer drive, you can use a motor from the wipers, from washing machine or any other 12 volt. With the help of a pulley system and a belt or gear drive, the rotation of the shaft is transmitted to the skewers and the meat is slowly turned over the coals.

Homemade WI-FI antenna

This antenna will improve the reception quality and Wi-Fi speed in your home. According to reviews, after connecting it, the signal level rises from 5 to 27 Mbps.

For manufacturing it is necessary:

small metal sieve or colander;
Wi-Fi (USB) adapter;
USB cable;
drill;
epoxy resin;
camera tripod;
plastic clamps.

Manufacturing process:

Drill a small hole (14 mm) in the center of the sieve and insert a metal pin into it to fix the adapter.
We insert the connector from the USB cable into the prepared hole and fix it with epoxy resin. After gluing, the USB connector must be strictly perpendicular to the sieve plane, then the device works more efficiently.
Then, with the help of two ties, "ears" are made through which the cable is attached.
We fix the product on a camera tripod. We drill a hole with a diameter of 12 mm in the antenna and clamp it with a nut.

Necessary materials Insert the pin into the drilled hole We glue the USB cable We fix the cable Tripod Installing the antenna using a tripod

Electric DIY Garage

Consider several projects of useful homemade products for the garage.

Homemade chandelier

If you have low lighting in your garage, then an impromptu chandelier will be very useful. To make a bifurcated chuck, you will need a pair of corner chucks, which are sold at your regular hardware store.

Sequencing:

We remove the wires from the cartridges and fasten them with a plastic tie. We get a socket for two lamps. It remains to connect them to the electrical network.
For this we use a base from fluorescent lamp... We carefully break out the lamp, then we solder the wires from our structure to the contacts of the base.
We isolate them well and attach the base on top of the cartridges.

The use of conventional bulbs in such a design is undesirable - the cartridges can melt from heating.

LED device

Another lighting option could be a homemade LED lighting device.

To make it you will need:

old fluorescent lamp;
LED Strip Light;
connecting wires.

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

An LED strip is glued to the luminaire body in one or several rows.
The connecting wires are connected and fed to the lamp switch.
The assembled device is tested.

Spot welding machine

The necessary device in the garage will be a homemade spot welding machine, which is based on a transformer from an old microwave. A prerequisite is that the transformer must be operational in order not to rewind all the windings.

The welder assembly process is quite simple:

The transformer is dismantled.
The secondary winding is carefully removed.
Two shunts are removed.
A secondary winding of two to three turns is made from a thick wire (with a diameter of at least 10 mm).
From a copper rod with a diameter larger than wires, electrodes for resistance welding are made.

Homemade spot welding tool

Useful things with your own hands for fishing

You can find a lot of homemade products interesting ideas for use in field conditions, as well as for hunting and fishing.

Electronic signaling device

An example is an electronic signaling device for fishing with a conventional rod or other tackle. A simple bite device can be assembled in just half an hour. For it you will need an old squeaky keychain and a strip of plastic 1-2 mm thick.

Assembly of the signaling device:

The keychain is attached to the rod.
A strip of plastic is glued to the fishing line and inserted between the contacts of the keychain.

Now, when biting, the fish will pull the line, the plastic will fly out, the contacts will close and the keychain will work.

Underwater camera for winter fishing

Using a homemade underwater camera to winter fishing you can see if there is fish under the hole. And this simplifies the fishing process.

For manufacturing you will need:

small camera;
sealed camera box;
small TV;
car battery to provide power to the camera;
extension;
inverter;
lead for cargo;
ultraviolet diodes for underwater lighting;
superglue, electrical tape, sealant.

Build process:

Two holes are made in the upper part of the box. An extension cable is inserted through one. Through the second - a wire that connects the camera to the TV.
Several more holes are made in the box, into which lamps are inserted for illumination. The wires from the bulbs are soldered into one circuit (for example, with a parallel arrangement), which is connected to the cable that provides power.
The holes are sealed with glue and tape for a tight seal.
Lead is melted and small elongated cubes are poured out of it. Place them at the bottom of the box.
Set up the camera, connect to the cable. Then it is carefully placed in the box so that it has a clear direction forward and horizontally and transmits a high-quality image. For stability, the camera is surrounded by a soft material.
A torso (rope, belt) is attached to the box, with which the camera will be lowered to a depth. For convenience, you can combine it, the power cable and the communication wire of the video camera with the TV into one core, fastened with electrical tape.
Connect the power cable of the camcorder to the battery and test the device.

Homemade fish bait

You can make a good bait for fishing yourself. It will be a device based on a simple multivibrator.

You will need:

a sound emitter, for example, from a child's toy;
wires;
a small plastic jar, for example, for medicinal pills;
electronic board;
regulator with a plastic stem;
a piece of styrofoam;
batteries;
float weights;
volume control.

The bait is assembled as follows:

You need to solder the circuit and check it.
Two wires are soldered to the sound emitter. Then they are carried inward along the body and connected to the board.
A regulator with a plastic rod is placed in the lid of the jar.
A dense circle cut out of foam plastic is installed on top of the board, which separates the board from the battery.
Weights are fixed at the bottom of the jar to keep the container on the water like a float.
The knob sets the frequency and changes the sound.

Bait scheme - 1 Bait scheme - 2

Electronic homemade products for the car

Car enthusiasts create DIY homemade products to improve appearance and the convenience of using the car.

Electric autosampler

For a car, a simple homemade electrical probe is perfect. It can indicate the presence of 12 volts in the electrical circuit. With the help of it, the serviceability of the relay, as well as bulbs and other equipment is checked. You can make such a device from a syringe and LEDs.

Assembly diagram:

Two LEDs are soldered with opposite leads (plus one to minus the other and vice versa).
A steel probe is connected to one of the solder joints through a 300 Ohm resistance. The other solder is the contact for the batteries.
The structure is inserted into the syringe so that the probe comes out of the needle hole. Most of the probe is insulated with a PVC tube.
4 LR44 batteries are inserted into the syringe so that one of the poles is connected to the LED contact.
To the other pole of the batteries, a contact is made from a flexible wire with a crocodile clip.

The video shows how to make a syringe tester. Filmed by ILYANOV channel.

Light switch

The circuit for smoothly turning off the light in the car interior is quite simple to manufacture. Such electronics are suitable for any car. A small board consisting of a capacitor and diodes is soldered in parallel to the terminals of the passenger compartment lamp. The drop in the voltage of electricity will occur gradually and will create the effect of a gradually dying light.

Car subwoofer

To make a car subwoofer with your own hands, you must first purchase a speaker. It is necessary to build on its dimensions when calculating the size of the case.

The simplest and most successful form of the subwoofer for the trunk is a truncated pyramid with a slope like the rear seats.

LED fog lights

With your own hands, you can make car fog lights on LEDs.

For creativity you will need:

two ten-watt LEDs;
2 lenses from an old projector;
gaskets from plastic pipes;
microcircuits LM317T;
resistors.

DIY assembly instructions:

The LEDs are installed on pre-prepared aluminum radiators.
A structure is assembled from headlight housings, lenses from projectors, gaskets and diodes on radiators.
Fog lights are powered through current stabilizers on LM317T microcircuits and resistors.

Car carrier

A very convenient car carrying is obtained from a computer USB light. It is compact and can be connected to any place in the car wiring.

Manufacturing scheme:

Remove the contacts from the USB plug.
In the body of the plug, we connect the wires of the lamp and the car clips "crocodile".
For fixing in the right place (even horizontally), a magnet is placed on the plug.

Every day it becomes more and more, there are many new articles, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately navigate and revise at a time everything that has already been written and previously posted.

I would very much like to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order not to have to search for the necessary information for a long time, I will make several "entrance pages" with links to the most interesting and useful articles on specific topics.

Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Simple electronic circuits, which are available for implementation by people of all skill levels. The circuits are built using a modern electronic base.

All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and to the extent necessary for practical work... Naturally, to implement such schemes, you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.

So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site "Useful electronic homemade products"... The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.

The modern element base of electronics greatly simplifies the circuitry. Even an ordinary twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.

The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control scheme. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water rise and drainage.

The article contains several schemes of devices for spot welding.

With the help of the described structure, it is possible to determine whether or not a mechanism located in another room or building is working. The vibration of the mechanism itself is information about the work.

A story about what a safety transformer is, what it is for and how you can make it yourself.

Description simple device disconnecting the load in the event of a mains voltage out of permissible limits.

The article discusses the scheme simple thermostat using an adjustable zener diode TL431.

An article on how to make a device for smoothly switching on lamps using the KR1182PM1 microcircuit.

Sometimes, with reduced voltage in the network or soldering of massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.

An article about how you can replace the mechanical thermostat of an oil heating radiator.

Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.

The article gives a description of the converter circuit, made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.

Article about different ways connecting the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

Description of a simple control circuit for LED garlands.

The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn on and off the load through specified intervals time. The working time and the pause time do not depend on each other.

Description of the circuit and principle of operation of a simple emergency luminaire based on an energy-saving lamp.

A detailed story about the popular "laser-ironing" technology for manufacturing printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.

Many electrical appliances can be repaired or new ones made by hand. For this house, there is always something that can be remade to perform new functions: an old electronic clock, a children's car, a disused computer, and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or redone. For work, it is better to have a workshop with tools.

Equipped Master's Home Workshop

Power Supply

Self-made electronic devices need power supply of different voltages. In particular, soldering requires a regulated power supply. Such an opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 microcircuit, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Regulated power supply circuit

Devices based on this circuit allow you to change the output voltage in the range of 1.2-30 V, using a variable resistor P1. The permissible current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of the transformer.

Adjustment of the voltmeter is carried out with a trimmer resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at the output voltage of the circuit 30 V.

The more power is released on the microcircuit, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heating, it requires a radiator with a cooler.

A homemade board with an LM-317 microcircuit fits into a case - a computer's power supply. A voltmeter and clamps to the output wires are installed on the front panel made of PCB.

Simple auto test

A probe for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a homemade scheme that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.

The two indication circuits are connected in series with the battery and parallel to each other. The first consists of a resistor R1 and an LED HL1, which glows when the voltage is checked. The battery is being recharged at the same time.

Scheme and design: a) homemade circuit, which allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) homemade construction auto test

When the circuit is tested, current flows from the battery through the HL2, R2 circuit. The HL2 LED is on. Its brightness will be the greater, the lower the resistance of the circuit.

Like all homemade products, structurally the probe can be performed different ways, for example, place it in a transparent plastic case that can be easily glued with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing the electrical network at home or household appliance... Crafts can be more complex and have additional functions.

Electric appliances for heat-treating meat products without the use of fuel are made in small quantities and can be used at home or in the country. To prepare a barbecue, using an electric barbecue grill, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street by the barbecue.

In specialized stores, you can choose any device, but a lot is decided by the price. If you have the skills to handle electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric BBQ grill with your own hands.

Structures are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome filament. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with food around. They are attached from above. It is advisable to make the skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slide down during the cooking process.

Type of vertical BBQ grill

For high-quality cooking of a kebab maker with your own hands, the skewer should be placed as close to the heater as possible, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not roast but dry.

Pieces of the product, no more than 40 mm in size, are placed on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the spiral is heated.

The heater is based on a heat-resistant ceramic tube with a coil wound around it. Mounting at the bottom is done with a special chuck.

In the round base there are special cups for collecting fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers upright.

Cups are made of stainless steel. At the bottom, they have cruciform protrusions that are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside they are equipped with devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers upright.

The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. A common removable tray can be made for all skewers.

The cross-sectional lead wire is selected for the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country, there must be a 16 A socket for him.

Timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of a site from a container into certain time... They can be connected to valves of any capacity.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then an old wall clock comes to the rescue, which is in good working order, but is no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and 3 reed switches are attached to the dial.

Scheme of a timer for watering plants in which a wall clock is applied

As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 o'clock, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the arrows will move to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 will be supplied to close the valve.

The diagram shows a "rain sensor", which in wet weather closes the transistor VT1 and the valve remains constantly closed. Also provided manual control solenoid valve via buttons S1 and S2.

You can set the clock for any time the valve is turned on.

Car with remote control

Homemade radio-controlled models capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. For DIY assembly, you need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a body.

There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all you need to decide which machine is better to make. The control panel can be wired or radio-controlled.

When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. The plastic should be free of jags, inclusions and other mechanical defects. Wheels are sold with a chassis and should turn easily. Grip is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels are much worse in this regard.

It is better for a beginner to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any body or make according to your own sketch.

The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are installed on the mini-car chassis. If a kit is purchased with accessories, assembly instructions are attached to it.

After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is regulated. The case is installed on the chassis after everything is working.

Assembling mini-copies can be done at home as follows:

the car is assembled carefully and with common efforts;
the materials of the model parts may differ from the original;
small and insignificant details can be omitted.

The model can be made without looping on a certain car brand. Much depends on finances and free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with your child is of great educational value.

The work on assembling the car model is carried out according to the plan. Some parts need to be purchased, but old toys can be used.

The motor must be as powerful as the weight of the device. Fresh batteries or accumulator are used for power supply.

If you use a special auto-constructor, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:

the frame is assembled first;
the motor is attached and regulated;
a power source is installed;
an antenna with a radio unit is fixed;
wheels are installed and adjusted.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many homemade tricks are revealed in this video.

Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry for no purpose. Useful DIY crafts are often better than factory-made products.

One of the common hobbies of hobbyists and electronics professionals is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be performed at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, "clean". The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical assemblies.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of everyday life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improvement and repair. electronic devices car.

Homemade products in the kitchen

Electronic homemade kitchens can be added to existing accessories and supplies. Industrial and home-made electric BBQ grills are very popular among apartment residents.

Another common example of homemade kitchens made by a home electrician is timers and automatic lighting over work surfaces, electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changes in the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, can cause "misunderstanding and rejection" of regulatory organizations. Moreover, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Home-made devices for a car are most widespread among the owners of domestic brands of transport, which differ in the minimum number of additional functions. The following schemes are in wide demand:

Sound signaling devices for turns and handbrake engagement;
Indicator of operating modes of the storage battery and generator.

More experienced radio amateurs are engaged in equipping their car with parking sensors, electronic window regulators, automatic light sensors to control low beam headlights.

Homemade products for beginners

Most novice radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical "maturation" from a novice radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced amateurs, many manufacturers produce ready-made construction kits that contain printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such kits allow you to practice the following skills:

Reading circuit and wiring diagrams;
Correct soldering;
Adjustment and adjustment according to the ready-made method.

Among the sets, electronic watches of various designs and degrees of complexity are very common.

As an area of application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys using simpler circuits or reworking industrial structures to their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio electronic crafts from worn-out parts of computer technology.

Home workshop

For the independent design of radio electronic devices, a certain minimum of tools, fixtures and measuring devices is required:

Soldering iron;
Side cutters;
Tweezers;
Screwdriver Set;
Pliers;
Multifunctional tester (avometer).

On a note. When planning to do electronics with your own hands, you should not tackle complex structures right away and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs began their journey with the use of the simplest soldering iron 220V 25-40W, and from the measuring instruments in the home laboratory, the most massive Soviet tester Ts-20 was used. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

It makes no sense for a novice radio amateur to buy an expensive soldering station if there is no necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after sometimes quite a long time.

Also, there is no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice hobbyist may need is an oscilloscope. For those already versed in electronics, the oscilloscope is one of the most sought after measurement tools.

Inexpensive Chinese-made digital devices can be successfully used as an avometer. Having rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, what is important, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

Speaking of a homemade workshop at a homemade product, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. This is solder and flux. The most common solder is POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and ensures high soldering reliability. Most of the solders used for soldering all kinds of devices are analogs of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced by it.

As a flux for soldering, ordinary rosin is used, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not need to be removed from the installation after work, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and a thin rosin film formed after the evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components, under no circumstances should active fluxes be used. This is especially true of soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such a flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

For maintenance of highly oxidized leads, it is better to use active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder, which includes a flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube with rosin inside.

Breadboards made of double-sided foil-clad fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited for the installation of elements.

Security measures

Electricity is associated with a risk to health and even life, especially if the electronics are designed with their own hands with a mains supply. Self-made electrical devices should not use transformerless AC mains power. In an extreme case, the adjustment of such devices should be done by connecting them to the network through an isolation transformer with a transformation ratio equal to one. The voltage at its output will correspond to the mains, but at the same time, reliable galvanic isolation will be provided.