Command line. Linux console file managers Open the file manager in a linux terminal window

This is the most popular console file manager running on Linux. The program is included by default in a large number of distributions. A lot of documentation has already been compiled for it, so learning the rules of working with the application will not be difficult for users of different levels of training.

MC supports all basic operations with files: copying, renaming, deleting, changing owner and access rights, creating links, directories, etc. The program can work not only with local, but also remote file systems via FTP and SSH access.

The program also includes additional features: working with archives, built-in search, viewing and editing files using its own MCEdit module. Thus, relatively complex operations can be performed in MC.

The file manager interface is the usual two-panel one. Its effectiveness has long been proven by practice.

The application is completely localized.

Sudo apt-get install mc

This is a console file manager. By default, its interface is three-panel: the first column displays a list of directories, the second - a list of files, and the third is intended for viewing files, including graphic formats. At the same time, all operations standard for programs of this type are supported, although not in the most obvious way.

However, the lack of visibility makes Ranger not very useful for copy and move operations. The strengths of this app are navigation, search and browsing. This is greatly facilitated by a convenient bookmark system.

The program is configured through direct editing configuration file. This may seem inconvenient, although in practice this is not the case thanks to the intuitive design of this file. The user can define the number of columns, sort order, status bar appearance, color scheme, etc.

Distributed under the terms of GNU GPLv3.

Sudo apt-get install ranger

This is a file manager, which is most often called a clone of the famous FAR. Of course, experienced users will say that this is somewhat exaggerated, but nevertheless the similarity is quite close, at least at the level of the most popular operations. In particular, the keyboard combination Shift+F1, which is familiar to many, works exactly the same.

Additional features of WCM Commander are quite serious even for an experienced user: an editor with syntax highlighting for the most common programming languages ​​and the ability to change encodings, access to remote file systems via SMB and FTP/SFTP with the ability to launch files, history and input completion, support for external color schemes, etc.

The program is perfectly Russified, and much deeper than the interface points. In particular, the text search function allows you to use all Russian language encodings at once.

Distributed under the MIT license.

This is a console file manager for Vim fans. Even the name of the program stands for this - Vi File Manager.

The main feature of vifm is vim-style controls. For example, to move through files, you can use not only the arrow keys, but also the "j" and "k" buttons, jump to last file current directory by pressing “G”, etc.

Vifm allows you to use directory and file labels to quickly navigate to the desired location by hotkey. Searching in vifm is done in the same way as in vim - by clicking on “/”. The application has its own built-in commands: “com” to display a list of custom commands, “marks” to show marks, “only” to hide the second column, etc.

Distributed under the terms of GNU GPLv2.

Sudo apt-get install vifm

This is an easy to use console file manager. By default, the program has a traditional two-panel view, although it can also work in single-panel mode.

Both externally and functionally, Last File Manager is very similar to Midnight Commander. At least, a user who has mastered one program will not have problems with another - the same keys are responsible for the most popular operations.

Distributed under the terms of GNU GPLv3.

1. && . Strictly speaking, this is not a team. If you want to execute several commands at once, put a double ampersand between them like this: first_command && second_command. The terminal will execute the commands in order. You can enter as many commands as you like.
2. alias Assigns names you create to long commands that you can't remember. Enter the alias long_command short_command.
3. cd. Changes the current terminal folder. When you start the terminal, it uses your home folder. Enter cd folder_address, and the terminal will work with the files that are located there.
4. clear. Clears the terminal window of all messages.
5. history. Displays all the commands you have recently entered. Additionally, you can switch between recent commands using the Up and Down keys. If you do not want the command you entered to be written down, put a space in front of it like this: your_command.
6. man. Displays a guide to programs and commands. Type man package_name or man your_command.
7. whatis. Displays short description any program. Enter the command and the program name whatis package_name.

To perform many actions on the system, such as installing and uninstalling programs, you will need administrator rights, or the superuser root as it is called in Linux.

1. sudo This command will give you superuser rights. Type sudo before the command you want (for example, sudo apt upgrade) to run it as an administrator. The system will ask you for your password.
2. sudo su . After this command, all commands you enter will be executed as the superuser until you close the terminal. Use it if you need to run a lot of commands with administrator rights.
3. sudo gksudo . Command to run a GUI application with administrator rights. For example, if you want to move or change system files, enter sudo gksudo nautilus (specify the file manager you use).
4. sudo!! . This command will run the previously entered command with administrator rights. Useful if you typed the command without sudo .

Do not execute commands as superuser that you do not understand.

Installing and uninstalling applications in Linux is performed by package managers. In Ubuntu the package manager is called apt, in Fedora - dnf, in Arch and Manjaro - pacman. They download applications from online repositories, package sources. Commands should be given to them with superuser rights.

apt (Debian/Ubuntu/Mint)

1. sudo apt install package_name. Install the required package.
2. sudo apt-add-repository repository_address. Add a third-party repository.
3. sudo apt update . Update package information.
4. sudo apt upgrade . Update all packages to the latest (perform after apt update).
5. sudo apt remove package_name. Remove unnecessary package.
6. sudo apt purge package_name. Remove an unnecessary package with all dependencies if you want to free up more space.
7. sudo apt autoremove . Remove all unnecessary dependencies, orphan packages and other garbage.

dnf (Red Hat/Fedora/CentOS)

1. sudo dnf install package_name. Install the required package.
2. sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo repository_address. Add a third-party repository.
3. sudo dnf upgrade . Update all packages to the latest ones.
4. sudo dnf remove package_name. Remove unnecessary package.
5. sudo dnf autoremove . Remove all unnecessary dependencies.

pacman (Arch/Manjaro)

1. sudo pacman -S package_name. Install the required package.
2. sudo yaourt -S package_name. Install a package from AUR if it is not in the main repository.
3. sudo pacman -Sy . Update package information.
4. sudo pacman -Syu . Update all packages to the latest ones.
5. sudo pacman -R package_name. Remove unnecessary package.
6. sudo pacman -Rs package_name. Remove an unnecessary package with all dependencies.

You can install and remove several packages at once by simply listing them separated by a space.

sudo apt install firefox clementine vlc

If you want to install a package but don't know its exact name, type the first few letters of the package name and press Tab twice. Package Manager will show all packages whose names begin with the same.

1. kill. This command is for forced termination processes. You need to enter kill PID_process. The PID of a process can be found by typing top .
2. xkill. Another command to end processes. Enter it, then click on the window you want to close.
3. killall. Kills processes with a specific name. For example, killall firefox.
4. top. Displays a list of running processes, sorted depending on CPU resource consumption. A kind of terminal “System Monitor”.

Viewing and editing files

1. cat. When the command is used with a single text file (like this: cat file_path), it displays its contents in a terminal window. If you specify two and more files, cat path_to_file_1 path_to_file_2 , it will glue them together. If you enter cat file_path_1 > new_file, it will merge the contents of the specified files into a new file.
2. chmod. Allows you to change file permissions. Can be useful if you want to make changes to a system file.
3. chown. Changes the owner of a file. Must be executed with superuser rights.
4. file. Displays information about the specified file.
5. nano . Opens a simple text editor. You can create a new text file or open an existing one: nano file_path.
6. rename. Renames a file or several files. The command can also be used for files by mask.
7. touch. Changes the date of last opening or modification specified file.
8. wget. Downloads files from the Internet into a terminal folder.
9. zip. Unpacks and compresses archives.

Creating and deleting files and folders

1. mkdir. Creates new folder in the current terminal folder or in the specified folder: mkdir folder_path.
2. rmdir. Deletes the specified folder.
3. rm. Deletes files. It can delete both an individual file and a group that meets certain criteria.

Copying and moving files

1. cp. Creates a copy of the specified file in the terminal folder: cp path_to_file. Or you can specify the destination cp path_to_file path_to_copy.
2. mv. Moves a file from one folder to another. You can specify a name for the file to be moved. Funnily enough, in Linux this command can also be used to rename files. Just specify the same folder where the file is located and a different name.

Search files

1. find . Search files by specific criteria, such as name, type, size, owner, creation and modification date.
2. grep. Search for text files containing specific strings. The criteria are very flexible.
3. locate. Searches for files and folders whose names match the query and displays their paths in the file system.

1. lsblk. This command shows you what drives you have on your system and what partitions they are divided into. The command also displays the names of your partitions and drives, in the format sda1, sda2 and so on.
2. mount Mounts drives, devices, or file systems so you can work with them. Typically, devices will connect automatically as soon as you click on them in the file manager. But sometimes you may need to mount something manually. You can connect anything: drives, external drives, partitions and even ISO images. This command must be executed with superuser rights. To mount an existing disk or partition, enter mount sdX .
3. umount. Dismounts file systems. The umount sdX command will mount the external media's file system so you can eject it.
4. dd. This command copies and converts files and partitions. It has many different uses. For example, dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb will make an exact copy of the sda ​​partition on the sdb partition. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX will erase the contents of the specified media with zeros so that the information cannot be recovered. And dd if=~/Downloads/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M will make bootable media from the distribution image you downloaded.

Linux Commands for User Management

1. useradd. Registers a new user. Enter useradd username and the user will be created.
2. userdel. Deletes the user's account and files.
3. usermod. Changes a user account. May move the user's home folder or set a date for the account to be locked.
4. passwd. Changes account passwords. A regular user can only change their password account, the superuser can change the password of any account.

Linux Commands for Network Management

1. ip. Multifunctional team to work with the network. The ip address show command displays information about network addresses, ip route controls routing and so on. By issuing the commands ip link set ethX up, ip link set ethX down, you can turn connections on and off. The ip command has many uses, so it's best to read the manual before using it, or type ip --help
2. ping. Shows whether you are connected to the network and helps determine the quality of the connection.

And one more thing

Finally, the main Linux commands. They put a cow on the screen that can talk to you (don't ask what the developers use).

1. cowsay anything. The cow will say what you tell it.
2. fortune | cowsay. The cow will give out a smart (or not so smart) thought or quote.
3. cowsay -l . Lists all animals that can be displayed in the terminal. In case you don't like cows.
4. fortune | cowsay -f animal_from_list. The animal of your choice begins to spout quotes, sometimes relevant ones.
5. sudo apt-get install fortunes fortune-mod fortunes-min fortunes-ru . Will force the entire zoo to speak Russian. Without this, animals quote Twain and Wilde.

These are not all Linux commands. If you need to know in detail the parameters and methods of application Linux commands, you can use the built-in tutorial. Type man your_command or your_command --help .

All of us, both server administrators and regular computer users, very often deal with files. It is important to work with files in an environment that is convenient for us, as this process can take quite a lot of time. We often open, delete, move and rename files. Therefore, in this article, let's look at how to choose a file manager for Ubuntu. By default, Ubuntu comes with Nautilus, but it may not suit everyone with its appearance and functionality; we will look at seven more different file managers, as well as how to install them.

Not everyone knows about wide choice file managers for Linux. Or they do not fully realize the capabilities of the programs they know about. There are different file managers for Ubuntu and there are plenty of them, as well as other programs. Here are the most popular ones:

• Midnight Commander
• Dolphin

They are all excellent file managers. There are both simple and multifunctional ones. You can choose a file manager that suits your needs. Midnight Commander and Dolphin are my favorite file managers. I use them quite often.

All of these file managers can be customized to your liking. The most customizable are Krusader and Konqueror. Midnight Commander is the only file manager with a console interface, but it also has many settings.

How to change default file manager in Ubuntu

If you decide to change the ubuntu file manager to another, it is not so difficult. Install the program you like and edit a few files to context menu worked with the new file manager.

And you need to correct the files:

/usr/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop
/usr/share/applications/nautilus-computer.desktop

Replace the lines:

TryExec=nautilus
Exec=nautilus

TryExec=file_manager
Exec=file manager

And now the same thing in the file:

/usr/share/applications/nautilus-folder-handler.desktop

TryExec=file_manager
Exec=file_manager %U

In Kubuntu, the default file manager is configured in System Settings. Now let's move on to the review of file managers for Ubuntu.

Midnight Commander

Midnight Commander is a file manager with an interface command line(cli). It is especially useful when there is no way to launch a graphical shell, but can also be used as the main file manager in a graphical interface. It can be run in almost any command line shell and even in an SSH session.

You can launch Midnight Commander from the command line by running:

The screenshot above shows Midnight Commander in one emulator tab Ubuntu terminal. User interface The program is divided into two panels, each of which displays the contents of the directory. The top of each panel displays the current directory. Navigation is done using the arrow keys. The Enter key is used to open a folder.

At the very top of the program there is a menu with program settings, left and right panels, as well as various operations for files. At the bottom of the window information about the selected file or directory is displayed, as well as a row with function keys. You can simply press the desired function key to quickly perform this or that action. Also here you can see a terminal line for quickly executing commands in the current directory.

You can install Midnight Commander with the command:

sudo apt-get install mc

Krusader is an exceptional file manager that uses the concepts of Midnight Commander in a GUI. It also uses a two-pane interface, but also supports many additional functions. It supports navigation using the keyboard and, as usual, using the mouse.

Krusader also has two panels that display the contents of a directory, but there are also tabs that allow you to open multiple folders in one panel.

On each tab you can configure the file display mode. In the screenshot, the files are displayed in detailed mode - icon, name, size, creation date, owner and access rights.

There is also a menu at the top of the window, and a line of function keys and a terminal at the bottom. Krusader automatically saves your current directories and display settings, so when you open the program, you'll return to the folders you left it with last time.

From useful features You can note support for the FTP and samba protocols, which simplifies access to files on remote servers.

To install this best Ubuntu file manager do:

sudo apt-get install krusader

It is important to note that it is written in Qt, and will take with it all of Qt and several KDE libraries.

Konqueror is another powerful file manager from the standard KDE suite. It has one interesting feature - in addition to accessing files, here you can enter a url and view Internet pages.

Another feature of this file manager is the ability to open several tabs, in each of which you can open a separate directory.

In the picture, the program window is divided into three parts on the right and a sidebar on the left. The directory tree sidebar is used to quick navigation by file system.

I especially like it in Konqueror side panel, with which you can easily find necessary files, navigate the file system, and quickly delete unnecessary directory trees.

The program interface is similar to Krusader and Midnight Commander, but there is much less functionality. Instead of two standard tabs, here you can create several panels and arrange them as you wish. You can navigate through tabs and directories using either the keyboard or mouse.

Here you can also configure the file display mode for each separate tab, but there is no automatic saving. But you can manually save the location and tabs that need to be launched every time you start the program.

To install on Ubuntu use the command:

sudo apt-get install konqueror

Double Commander

This is another great file manager in the style of Midnight Commander and Krusader. But this time it is based on the GTK library, which means that it is perfect for those who want an excellent, feature-rich file manager and do not want to drag half of the KDE libraries into the system.

The interface is divided into two panels. Exceptional features include a built-in text editor, support for viewing files in HEX and binary formats, and support for working with archives. It also supports various network capabilities, such as connecting via Webdav, FTP, Samba.

To install, run these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexx2000/doublecmd
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install doublecmd-gtk

Dolphin

This is another file manager from KDE. Its interface is very similar to Konqueror, but it is more beautiful and functional. Here, too, it is possible to create several panels and tabs. There is also a sidebar with shortcuts quick access to the file system.

By default, only one panel opens, but there's nothing stopping you from adding another one and making Dolphin look like Krusader. But splitting panels like in Konqueror is not supported here.

Although tabs are supported here, they are not saved and after restarting the program, it starts with one tab in which your home folder is open.

Installed by Dolphin with the command:

sudo apt-get install dolphin

Nautilus is the default in Ubuntu and I couldn't help but say a few words about it. Here you can use there is support for multiple panels and tabs, there is also a sidebar with quick access shortcuts. It is a simple and stable file manager, great for beginners due to its simplicity.

Navigation through catalogs is carried out using arrows on the keyboard or mouse. There are hotkey shortcuts, but not as many as in Double Commander.

This is another lightweight and simple file manager. Perhaps even simpler than Nautilus. It looks and works the same.

You can install on Ubuntu with the command:

sudo apt-get install thunar

Another moderately simple Ubuntu file manager. Looks the same as the previous two. Tabs and most functions are supported for comfortable work with files.

On the left side of the screen there is a panel with a tree view of the file system, just like in Konqueror. This file manager contains excellent functionality and at the same time a very simple interface.

To install:

sudo apt-get install pcmanfm

XFE

This is one of the most interesting file managers. In its interface it includes many features from Nautilus, Thunar and PcManFm but at the same time it is much more flexible.

Users, unlike testers and enthusiasts, are always conservative. Linux users are no exception. This is especially noticeable not in working environments, but in specific application programs, “loyalty” to which remains for a very long time.

This is explained simply. The work environment is an important element, but essentially an auxiliary one. The main user tool is the application program. The user may, for some time, put up with an inconvenient method for launching applications or an unpleasant color of icons. But if the usual keyboard shortcuts do not work in some new text editor, then there will be no transition to it.

This, in turn, can create problems for migrants. Without the burden of the past behind them, they choose the objectively best tools, but thereby limit the ability of experienced users to give them any advice. By the way, this is often observed in practice and is perceived by some newcomers as unfriendliness of veterans. Although in reality their recommendations are quite sincere - they can help with setting up vim, but are practically unfamiliar with kate.

A significant portion of experienced Linux users work with console file managers, preferring them to the more intuitive Dolphin or Nautilus. Although they use KDE or GNOME desktops.

Thus, even beginners should know what is commonly called the Linux classics. Including console file managers.

Midnight Commander

This is the most popular console file manager running on Linux. The program is included by default in a large number of distributions. A lot of documentation has already been compiled for it, so learning the rules of working with the application will not be difficult for users of different levels of training.

MC supports all basic operations with files: copying, renaming, deleting, changing owner and access rights, creating links, directories, etc. The program can work not only with local, but also remote file systems via FTP and SSH access.

The program also has additional features: working with archives, built-in search, viewing and editing files using its own MCEdit module. Thus, relatively complex operations can be performed in MC.

The file manager interface is the usual two-panel one. Its effectiveness has long been proven by practice.

The application is completely localized.

Ranger

This is a console file manager. By default, its interface is three-panel: the first column displays a list of directories, the second - a list of files, and the third is intended for viewing files, including graphic formats. At the same time, all operations standard for programs of this type are supported, although not in the most obvious way.

However, the lack of visibility makes Ranger not very useful for copy and move operations. The strengths of this app are navigation, search and browsing. This is greatly facilitated by a convenient bookmark system.

The program is configured by directly editing the configuration file. This may seem inconvenient, although in practice this is not the case thanks to the intuitive design of this file. The user can define the number of columns, sort order, status bar appearance, color scheme, etc.

Distributed under the terms of GNU GPLv3.

WCM Commander

This is a file manager, which is most often called a clone of the famous FAR. Of course, experienced users will say that this is somewhat exaggerated, but nevertheless the similarity is quite close, at least at the level of the most popular operations. In particular, the keyboard combination Shift+F1, which is familiar to many, works exactly the same.

Additional features of WCM Commander are quite serious even for an experienced user: an editor with syntax highlighting for the most common programming languages ​​and the ability to change encodings, access to remote file systems via SMB and FTP/SFTP with the ability to launch files, history and input completion, support for external color schemes and etc.

The program is perfectly Russified, and much deeper than the interface points. In particular, the text search function allows you to use all Russian language encodings at once.

Distributed under the MIT license.

Vifm

This is a console file manager for Vim fans. Even the name of the program stands for Vi File Manager.

The main feature of vifm is vim-style controls. For example, to move through files you can use not only the arrow keys, but also the “j” and “k” buttons, go to the last file in the current directory by pressing “G”, etc.

Vifm allows you to use directory and file labels to quickly navigate to the desired location using a hotkey. Searching in vifm is done in the same way as in vim - by clicking on “/”. The application has its own built-in commands: “com” to display a list of custom commands, “marks” to show marks, “only” to hide the second column, etc.

Distributed under the terms of GNU GPLv2.

Last File Manager

This is an easy to use console file manager. By default, the program has a traditional two-panel view, although it can also work in single-panel mode.

Both externally and functionally, Last File Manager is very similar to Midnight Commander. At least, a user who has mastered one program will not have problems with another - the same keys are responsible for the most popular operations.

Distributed under the terms of GNU GPLv3.